Explain pelton turbine with diagram.

 

PELTON TURBINE

Defination

Pelton Wheel Turbine is the type of impulse or hydraulic turbine which is used for high heads for the generation of power. It was invented by American inventor Lester Allan Pelton in the 1870s.

 Working principle

The working principle is water is coming from the storage reservoir through a penstock to the Inlet of the nozzle which is the inlet of the turbine so the hydraulic energy of the water is mainly converted into kinetic energy. As the jet strikes over the runner vane, it will apply a large magnitude force for a small amount of time over the runner called Pelton force the Pelton force will rotate the rotor.

 

 


 

 

Pelton Wheel Turbine Construction or Parts:

The following construction or parts of Pelton wheel Turbine:

·       Casing

·       Spear

·       Break Nozzle

·       Runner or Rotor

·       Penstock

·       Governing Mechanism

Casing :

The Pelton wheel casing prevents the splashing of water and it also act as the protecting cover for turbine .

Spear:

Needle Spear will control the water flow and it moves insides the nozzle and provides smooth flow so there can be very less energy loss. Spear is used to control the rate of flow of water that will strike on turbine blade .

Break Nozzle:

The runner  rotates even after closing the nozzle due to inertia.To stop the runner to rest in a short time a breaking jet is provided which directs the water on the bucket in the opposite direction . this is called breaking jet.

Runner or Rotor:

 The runner of a Pelton turbine basically consists of a disk with a number of buckets attached along its periphery .The high speed water jet impinges the buckets perpendicularly so that maximum torque is applied to the rotor.

Penstock:

A penstock is a gate or intake structure that controls water flow, or an enclosed pipe that delivers water to hydro turbines and sewerage systems

Pelton Wheel Turbine Advantages:

The following adavnatages of Pelton Turbine are:

·       The Pelton Turbine simple in design and also the construction is not complex.

·       The water which is clean cannot cause very rapid wear in high heads.

·       The overhaul and inspection are much easier than another turbine.

·       The overall efficiency is quite high as compared to reaction turbines.

·       There is no requirement for the draft tube here.

·       In the Hydraulic Turbine, it is the most efficient turbine.

·       The parts assemble of the Pelton turbine is very easy. No complexity here.

·       The water striking and leaving the runner at atmospheric pressure only.

·       This is a tangential flow turbine. It can move in axial flow or radial flow direction

Pelton Wheel Turbine Disadvantages:

·       The mechanical efficiency of the Pelton wheel decreases faster compare to the Francis turbine.

·       The size of the runner, generator, powerhouse required is large and not economical if the Pelton turbine is used instead of the Francis turbine for the same power generation.

Pelton Wheel Turbine Application:

The following application of Pelton Wheel Turbine is:

·       The Pelton Turbine wheel turbine is used in Hydro Power Plant where Less discharge and High Heads are required.

·       This is used to get more velocity of the fluid for maximum power and efficiency [Because the turbine and wheel are designed in such a way that the water jet velocity is twice the rotating bucket velocity].

·       It is also used to drive the generator and who is attached to the turbine shaft here the Mechanical energy gets converted into Electrical Energy.

 

 

 

 

 

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